Experimental

Materials and apparatus

1. Solid Electrolyte: Nafion^TM NR212
2. 2 Pumps for Hydrogen and Nitrogen. (T=100^oC; flow rate= >30mL/min)
3. Sensors 
   
   • 2 Temperature sensors 100^oC
   • 2 Flow rate sensors
   • 2 Pressure sensors (1 bar)
4. Hydrogen Peroxide H₂O₂
5. Sulfric acid H₂SO₄
6. Nafion solution Nafion™ D520CS Alcohol based 1000 EW at 5% weight
7. Nessler’s reagent
8. HDV-7C transistor potentiostat
9. pH meter
10. 7230G visible spectrophotometer
11. The corundum tube reactor and heated reactor with circulating water were made locally.
12. Modified acrylate adhesive
13. Electrodes: We need the following metals for the synthesis of the electrodes: Samarium, Iron,  Nickel, Copper, and Cerium.

Preparation of cathode and anode and assembly of the single cell

1. Cathode

SmFe_0.7Cu_0.1Ni_0.2 (SFCN)

Sm:      m= n*M = 1*150.36 = 150.36 g

Fe:       m= n*M = 0.7*55.845 = 39.1 g

Cu:      m= n*M = 0.1*63.546 = 6.3546 g

Ni:       m= n*M = 0.2*58.6934 = 11.73868 g

Total mass = 207.5 g

Total volume for 100g mass of this alloy = 13.01 cm³

Ƥ = 100/13.01 = 7.69 g/cm³

Volume of the cathode (disc shape):

Radius = 6.5 cm; Height = 0.1 cm

V = π r²h = π*6.5*0.1 =13.273 cm³ = 13273 mm³

If h = 1 mm → V = 13273 mm³ = 13.273 cm³

M₁ = Ƥ V = 7.69*13.273 = 102.06937 g

M_Sm =  = 73.95 g

M_Fe =  = 19.23 g

M_Cu =  = 3.16 g

M_Ni =  = 5.78 g

If h = 2 mm → V = 26546.46 mm³ = 26.54646 cm³

M₂ = Ƥ V = 7.69*26.54646 = 204.1422774 g

→ M₃ = M₁*3 = 102.06937 g *3 = 306.20811 g

1. Anode

Ni-Ce_0.8Sm_0.2

Ni:      m= n*M = 1*58.6934 = 58.7 g

Ce:       m= n*M = 0.8*140.116 = 112.1 g

Sm:      m= n*M = 0.2*150.36 = 30.1 g

Total mass = 200.9 g

Total volume for 100g mass of this alloy = 13.53 cm³

Ƥ = 100/14.2 = 7.391 g/cm³

Volume of the anode (disc shape):

Radius = 6.5 cm; Height = 0.1 cm

V = π r²h = π*6.5*0.1 = 13.273 cm³ = 13273 mm³

If h = 1 mm → V = 13273 mm³ = 13.273 cm³

M₁ = Ƥ V = 7.391*13.273 = 98.100743 g

M_Ni =  = 28.66482 g

M_Ce =  = 54.74 g

M_Sm =  = 14.715 g

If h = 2 mm → V = 26546.46 mm³ = 26.54646 cm³

→ M₂ = M₁*2 = 98.1 g *2 = 196.2 g

Procedure: